OpenAI has offered nine major UK banks access to its cyber security AI tool GPT-5.5 Cyber, as its fierce rival Anthropic has blocked them in previews of its version, Claude Mythos.
OpenAI has offered nine major UK banks access to its cyber security AI tool GPT-5.5 Cyber, as its fierce rival Anthropic has blocked them in previews of its version, Claude Mythos.
Both tools are designed to find hidden security weaknesses in digital systems and can outperform humans at some hacking and cyber-security tasks.
Both tools are designed to find hidden security weaknesses in digital systems and can outperform humans at some hacking and cyber-security tasks.
Mythos caused a stir when it was announced in April, with Anthropic claiming it had found a weakness in one legacy system which had remained hidden for nearly 30 years.
Mythos caused a stir when it was announced in April, with Anthropic claiming it had found a weakness in one legacy system which had remained hidden for nearly 30 years.
Some finance ministers, central bankers and financiers have since expressed serious concerns about it, fearing the model could undermine the security of all financial systems.
Some finance ministers, central bankers and financiers have since expressed serious concerns about it, fearing the model could undermine the security of all financial systems.
expressed serious concerns about itThe AI Security Institute, which has tested both Anthropic's Mythos and OpenAI's GPT-5.5 Cyber, said in its report that they reached "a similar level of performance" in the tasks it set them.
The AI Security Institute, which has tested both Anthropic's Mythos and OpenAI's GPT-5.5 Cyber, said in its report that they reached "a similar level of performance" in the tasks it set them.
Last week Bank of England governor Andrew Bailey warned that UK banks were still unable to access Mythos to test the security of their own digital systems and apps.
Last week Bank of England governor Andrew Bailey warned that UK banks were still unable to access Mythos to test the security of their own digital systems and apps.
Former UK Chancellor George Osborne, who is now a senior executive at OpenAI, told the BBC that Bailey had not contacted him directly. He said his firm did not want to "hide [5.5 Cyber] away or keep it to ourselves" but confirmed that, like Mythos, it would not become available to all.
Former UK Chancellor George Osborne, who is now a senior executive at OpenAI, told the BBC that Bailey had not contacted him directly. He said his firm did not want to "hide [5.5 Cyber] away or keep it to ourselves" but confirmed that, like Mythos, it would not become available to all.
"The key things with these tools is that they need to be in the hands of the right people," he said.
"The key things with these tools is that they need to be in the hands of the right people," he said.
"We want to make sure that the forces that are establishing order in our democracies have these tools, and the forces that want to disrupt us or commit crime, do not."
"We want to make sure that the forces that are establishing order in our democracies have these tools, and the forces that want to disrupt us or commit crime, do not."
The UK banks which will now gain access to OpenAI's GPT 5.5 Cyber include Lloyds Banking Group, HSBC and Nationwide. NatWest and Santander already have access under existing agreements.
The UK banks which will now gain access to OpenAI's GPT 5.5 Cyber include Lloyds Banking Group, HSBC and Nationwide. NatWest and Santander already have access under existing agreements.
The BBC has asked Anthropic whether it plans to grant UK financial institutions' access to Mythos.
The BBC has asked Anthropic whether it plans to grant UK financial institutions' access to Mythos.
Anthropic initially opened it up to a collective of 42 companies, mostly other US tech firms.
Anthropic initially opened it up to a collective of 42 companies, mostly other US tech firms.
OpenAI has been more generous with access to Cyber 5.5, opening it up in the EU and also to banks in Japan and Canada, among others.
OpenAI has been more generous with access to Cyber 5.5, opening it up in the EU and also to banks in Japan and Canada, among others.
Both firms charge for usage although Anthropic put $100m towards Mythos previews.
Both firms charge for usage although Anthropic put $100m towards Mythos previews.
"I don't necessarily expect these tools to surface things humans wouldn't find eventually but they are relentless and incredibly thorough in sorting through the millions of lines of code which are in banking apps alone," said Prof Alan Woodward, a cybersecurity expert from Surrey University.
"I don't necessarily expect these tools to surface things humans wouldn't find eventually but they are relentless and incredibly thorough in sorting through the millions of lines of code which are in banking apps alone," said Prof Alan Woodward, a cybersecurity expert from Surrey University.
"In the UK, some of the code which banking systems still run on is incredibly old, and AI will be very useful at finding problems there.
"In the UK, some of the code which banking systems still run on is incredibly old, and AI will be very useful at finding problems there.
"They can do many weeks' worth of work in minutes – but they do also surface false positives, so you still need a human in the loop to check their findings."
"They can do many weeks' worth of work in minutes – but they do also surface false positives, so you still need a human in the loop to check their findings."
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